Weihua thev naus laus zis yog kev tshaj lij kev lag luam aluminium extrusion lwm tus neeg, peb tau siv cov thev naus laus zis, kev paub ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej tswj tau zoo thiab cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws los tsim kev sib raug zoo ntev ntawm kev koom tes.Peb tuaj yeem daws teeb meem tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm txhuas extrusion khoom, namely "Kev tshawb fawb khoom thiab kev txhim kho", "pwm tsim thiab kev tsim khoom", "alloy casting", thiab lwm yam. Koj zoo siab tos txais kev sab laj cov tshuab machined aluminium extrusion.
Aluminium extrusion ntau lawm thiab ua cov thev naus laus zis
1. Tswjhwm zoo ntawm tshuaj lom neeg
6063-t5 lub tsev aluminium profiles yuav tsum muaj qee yam xws li tshuab ua haujlwm.Ua tib yam rau lwm yam kev mob, lub zog tensile thiab tawm los ntxiv zog nrog qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus.Qhov lub zog theem ntawm 6063 cov txheej kub yog Mg2Si theem. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm Mg, Si thiab Mg2Si yuav tsum tau noj npaum li cas? Qhov txheeb ze atomic mass of magnesium yog 24.3 l thiab qhov nruab nrab atomic mass ntawm silicon yog 28.09. Yog li no, qhov ntau piv ntawm magnesium thiab silicon hauv Mg2Si tebchaw yog 1.73: 1.
Yog li no, raws li cov ntsiab lus tau tshawb xyuas saum toj no, yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm magnesium-silicon yog ntau dua 1.73, magnesium nyob rau hauv lub alloy yuav tsis tsuas yog tsim Mg2Si theem, tab sis kuj dhau magnesium; txwv tsis pub, yog tias qhov sib piv tsawg dua li 1.73, nws qhia tias silicon yuav tsim Mg2Si theem thiab tseem muaj silicon.
Tshaj tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog qhov muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg kho tshuab cov khoom ntawm alloys.Magnesium feem ntau tswj tau li ntawm 0.5%, Mg2Si tag nrho kev tswj ntawm 0.79% .Thaum muaj qhov seem ntawm 0.01% silicon, cov khoom siv b ntawm alloy muaj li 218Mpa, uas muaj zoo heev dhau ntawm lub teb chaws tus qauv kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ua kom tiav cov silicon yog nce los ntawm 0.01% rau 0.13%, b tuaj yeem nce mus rau 250Mpa, uas yog 14.6% .Tus tsim ib qho nqi ntawm Mg2Si, cov xeb xaj xuv xuv los ntawm impurities xws li Fe thiab Mn yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab ua ntej, uas yog, qee qhov nqi ntawm ntau tshaj silicon yuav tsum tau lav.Yuav hais txog cov khoom siv magnesium hauv alloy 6063 kom phim cov silicon, kev siv zog yuav tsum ua kom Mg: Si <1.73 thaum lub sijhawm tiag tiag batching.Qhov nyiaj seem ntawm magnesium tsis tsuas yog lub zog ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, tab sis kuj nce cov khoom lag luam.
Yog li ntawd, qhov sib xyaw ntawm 6063 alloy feem ntau tswj tau raws li: Mg: 0.45% -0.65%; Si: 0.35% -0.50%; Mg: Si = 1.25-1.30; Impurity Fe <0.10% -0.25%; Mn <0.10%.
2. Txhim kho cov txheej txheem annealing ntawm ingot homogenization
Hauv kev tsim cov kev tsim tawm ntawm tib neeg lub cev, qhov kub thiab txias tsis tseem ceeb ntawm 6063 alloy yog 560 ± 20 ℃, lub rwb thaiv tsev yog 4-6h, txoj kev ua kom txias yog yuam huab cua txias lossis dej txias.
Homogenization ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm extrusion thiab txo qhov siab extrusion los ntawm li ntawm 6% -10% piv nrog ingot tsis muaj homogenization.Qhov txias txias tom qab homogenization muaj cov nyhuv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cwj pwm tsis txaus ntawm daim ntaub.Rau cov ingot nrog nrawm cua txias tom qab soaking, Mg2Si tuaj yeem yuav luag tag nrho cov roj yaj hauv qhov matrix, thiab qhov nyiaj seem Si tseem yuav daws cov teeb meem lossis cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom tawg zoo.Yuav ingot tuaj yeem nrawm nrawm ntawm qis dua kub thiab tau txais cov cuab yeej zoo thiab nto ci.
Hauv kev tsim cov txhuas tso tawm, hloov cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cua sov nrog roj lossis roj cua kub cua sov tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb lub zog-txuag cov neeg ua haujlwm.Yog tsim nyog xaiv ntawm lub tshuab ua kom sov hom, lub tshuab ua pa thiab huab cua ua kom tuaj yeem ua rau cov cua sov tau txais kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ruaj khov cua sov, thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ruaj khov txheej txheem thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo.
Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txhim kho tas mus li, kev sib xyaw ua kom sib xyaw ingot reheating rauv taws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua 40% tau tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam.Ingot rauv taws teeb tom qab ua kom sov sai rau saum 570 ℃, thiab tom qab ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, txias qhov chaw thaj chaw ze rau qhov kub thiab txias extrusion, kev sib tw hauv cov tshuab cua sov tau ntsib cov txheej txheem homogenization, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua ib nrab homogeneous kev kho, cia li ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm 6063 alloy kub txheej txheem txheej txheej, thiab yog li nws txuag ib homogeneous tshuaj sib lawv liag, tuaj yeem zoo heev txuag cov cuab yeej siv zog thiab kev siv zog, yog cov txheej txheem tau txais kev txhawb nqa.
3. Ua kom zoo dua qub kev rho tawm thiab txheej txheem kev kho cua sov
3.1 cua sov ntawm ingot
Rau extrusion ntau lawm, extrusion kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.Extrusion kub muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo, ntau lawm, tuag lub neej thiab siv zog.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm extrusion yog kev tswj hwm kub ntawm hlau. Los ntawm cov cua kub ntawm ingot mus rau qhov quenching ntawm profile extrusion, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov theem ua tau tawg tsis cais los ntawm kev daws lossis tshwm sim rau kev tawg ntawm cov khoom me me.
Cov cua kub ntawm 6063 alloy ingot feem ntau tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm Mg2Si nag lossis daus, thiab lub sijhawm cua sov muaj lub zog tseem ceeb rau nag lossis daus ntawm Mg2Si.Generally hais lus, qhov kub ntawm 6063 alloy ingot tuaj yeem tsim tau:
Inhomogeneous ingot: 460-520 ℃; Homogenized ingot: 430-480 ℃.
Lub ntsuas kub extrusion tau kho raws li cov khoom sib txawv thiab qhov siab siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.Qhov qhov kub ntawm lub ingot hauv qhov chaw deformation hloov thaum lub txheej txheem txheej txheem extrusion. Nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem extrusion, qhov kub ntawm deformation cheeb tsam maj mam nce thiab qhov nrawm nrawm nce ntxiv.Yog li ntawd, thiaj li tiv thaiv kev tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg, txoj kev ceev ceev yuav tsum maj mam txo nrog kev nce qib ntawm txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab nce ntawm qhov chaw deformation kub.
3.2 extrusion ceev
Kev nrawm nrawm yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem.Hauv qhov ceev muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm thermal nyhuv ntawm deformation, deformation uniformity, recrystallization thiab cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov khoom zoo saum npoo.
Yog tias qhov ua kom ceev nrawm nrawm dhau, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yuav tshwm sim pitting, tawg thiab lwm yam.Ib tib lub sijhawm, ceev dhau extrusion ceev nce inhomogeneity ntawm hlau deformation.Qhov outflow tus nqi thaum lub sij hawm extrusion nyob ntawm seb hom alloy thiab cov geometry, qhov loj thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov profiles.
Extrusion ceev ntawm 6063 alloy profile (lub nrawm ntawm cov hlau) tuaj yeem xaiv raws li 20-100 m / min.
Nrog kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub, kev rho tawm nrawm nrawm tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm cov phiaj xwm lossis kev sim ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm no, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li isothermal extrusion txheej txheem thiab CADEX tau tsim tau.Yog cia li kho cov txheej txheem extrusion ceev kom qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw deformation nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tu ncua, lub hom phiaj sai sai extrusion tsis muaj keej tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, ntau yam kev ntsuas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem.Thaum siv induction cua sov, muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 40-60 ℃ (gradient cua sov) raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub ingot.Tej tseem muaj dej txias tuag extrusion, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub nraub qaum kawg ntawm lub pwm dej yuam kom txias, qhov kev ntsuas tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev rho tawm nrawm tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 30% -50%.
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov pa nitrogen los yog kua nitrogen tau siv los txias lub qhov tuag (extrusion tuag) txawv teb chaws kom nce qhov ceev extrusion, txhim kho lub neej tuag thiab txhim kho qhov profile profile zoo.Nitrogen mus rau extrusion tuag tawm hauv txheej txheem extrusion, tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam txias tau txais kev cuam tshuam sai, txias extrusion tuag thiab hlau deformation thaj tsam, ua kom lub tshav kub deformation tau coj mus, cov pwm tawm yog tswj los ntawm cov cua ntawm nitrogen tib lub sijhawm, txo cov aluminium oxide, txo qhov alumina adhesion thiab txuam nrog, yog li cov cua txias nitrogen los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tuaj yeem txhim kho extrusion ceev.CADEX yog cov txheej txheem tsim tawm tshiab, uas tsim cov kaw qhov kev kaw qhov tsis muaj qhov kub tsis txaus, extrusion ceev thiab extrusion siab thaum lub txheej txheem extrusion kom ua kom siab tshaj extrusion ceev thiab efficiency ntau lawm thaum kom muaj kev kawm zoo tshaj.
3.3 quenching ntawm tshuab
Lub hom phiaj ntawm 6063-t5 quenching yog khaws cia Mg2Si cov khoom tawg yooj yim hauv cov xim hlau hauv qhov kub tom qab lub pwm qhov txias kom txias rau chav sov sai sai.Qhov txias txias feem ntau sib npaug rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog txhawb kom muaj zog.Qhov qhov ua kom qis qis. tus nqi ntawm 6063 alloy yog 38 ℃ / min, yog li nws tsim nyog rau huab cua quenching.Qhov kev siv cua txias tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm kev hloov kiv cua thiab kiv cua kiv puag ncig, kom qhov kub ntawm cov khoom ua ntej ua kom nruj ncaj tuaj yeem txo qis dua 60 ℃.
3.4 nro xov ncaj
Tom qab cov profile tawm ntawm lub qhov tuag, qhov dav dav nrog lub tsheb laij teb.Thaum lub tsheb laij teb ua haujlwm, nws txav cov khoom extruded synchronously nrog cov outflow ceev ntawm cov khoom nrog qee yam traction nro.Qhov hom phiaj ntawm kev siv lub tsheb laij teb yog txo qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau ntau extrusion thiab so, tab sis kuj kom tiv thaiv qhov profile tawm ntawm cov pwm qhov tom qab sib ntswg, khoov, nro ncaj coj teeb meem.
Kev sib tw kom nruj tsis tuaj yeem tsis tsuas tshem tawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tab sis kuj txo nws txoj kev ntxhov siab, txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv lub zog thiab tswj kom nws cov nplaim zoo.
3.5 cuav laus
Kev kho cov laus yuav tsum muaj qhov kub tsis zoo, qhov kub thiab txias tsis txawv tshaj ± 3-5 ℃ .Txoj kev laus kev laus ntawm 6063 alloy feem ntau yog 200 ℃ .Txoj kev laus lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 1-2 teev.Ntawm txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom kho tshuab, kev laus ntawm 180-190 Rau 3-4 teev tseem siv, tab sis qhov ntau lawm kev lag luam yuav raug txo kom tsawg.
